Introduction to extension education

 Objectives - "Objectives are an expression of the ends towards which our efforts are directed" or ―Objective is a statement of change in knowledge, feeling or reaction we want to bring about in the people." An objective is that which person, group, or agency sets before itself as an object or condition to be attained. Objectives and Goals - "Objectives are directions of movement" whereas a goal is "the distance in any given direction one expects to go during a given period of time." Different levels of objectives 1. Fundamental objectives: The central or ultimate objective of an Extension Worker is "to bring about all-round improvement in the life of clientele. These objectives are generally found in the legislation and characters of an organization. This includes material, moral, civic, and social development. It is to help each individual, each family, and each community achieves the highest level of living that is capable of economically, soc...

 1. Extension work - It means the whole structure of Extension work. It includes the process of Extension Education i.e. the process of teaching and learning. Besides the process, in extension work are included organizations, administration, supervision, finances as well as the programs for the overall development. 2. Extension Service - It means an organization and/or a program for welfare and development, which employs the extension educational process for the implementation of the program. It is thus the same as that of extension work except that in extension service there has been greater emphasis on service. 3. Extension Job - The job of extension in agriculture and home science is to assist people engaged in farming and home-making to utilize their own resources more effectively and those that are available to them, the changing economic and social conditions. 4. Extension Educational process - The extension process is working with the people with their immediate needs and in...

 1. Extension education provides the solutions to their practical problems (both manmade and natural) at their doorsteps based on their conditions. 2. The education received by the individuals in childhood was inadequate to understand and solve the present problems. For them, extension education provides solutions by giving continuous education. 3. Today‘s technology is outdated tomorrow, extension education is important to update the new scientific knowledge farmers. 4. Extension workers interpret and explain the scientific knowledge to the farmers in their local understandable language. 5. Extension education helps farmers to increase agriculture production. 6. Extension education helps to conserve, develop, and use natural resources. 7. Extension education helps the farmers to manage the farm and home income. 8. Extension education helps to increase the family income. 9. Extension education helps for the development of leaders, youth, women, and children. 10. Extension education...

 Origin of extension education: • The term  Extensionǁ was originated in England in 1866. • In 1873 the Cambridge University first used the term ―Extension Educationǁ followed by London 1876 and the Oxford University in 1878. • The word  Extension‘ was allied to the  Cooperative extension services‘ in the USA. •  Vorheesǁ has first used the term extension. • J. P. Leagans of USA is known as the father of extension • Dr. K. N. Singh is known as the father of Extension in the Indian context •  James Stuartǁ called the father of University extension. •  Dr. Seaman A. Knappǁ first started the extension work by organizing educational campaigns to cotton bollworm weevil. • Teaching extension education in India at the undergraduate level was started in 1950 at the college of agriculture at Calcutta University. Concept of extension education: 1. Extension is fundamentally a system of out-of-school education for adults, youth, and rural women. 2. It helps to mo...

 We are in the 21st-century globalized economy. We cannot apply yesterday‘s methods today and be in the business tomorrow. There is essential to innovate, learn and adopt the things to compete with the fast-growing economy. In a developing country like India, the millions of farmers can‘t come to research stations to know about new innovative technologies, and sometimes they can‘t able to identify their farm and home problems themselves. On the other hand, researchers can‘t come to farmer‘s fields to teach farmers and also to know their problems. The researchers report scientific findings in technical language farmers can‘t understand. Thus a person is required in between these two people. He is called an extension person in the Indian agriculture system. The extension person explains the innovations or research findings in an understandable and local language to the farmers. In this way, the extension worker works as a bridge between the farmer and research scientists. For this, w...

Extension Education: Definition Extension Definition: According to D. Ensminger - Extension is a program and a process of helping village people to help themselves, increase their production, and to raise their general standard of living. According to B. Rambhai - Extension is a two-way channel; it brings scientific information to the village people and also takes the problems of the village people to the scientific institution for a solution. It is a continuous educational process, in which both learner and teacher contribute and receive. What is Extension Education? According to Reddy A Adivi - Extension Education is a science which deals with the creation, transmission, and application of knowledge designed to bring about planned changes in the behaviour-complex of people, with a view to helping them live better by learning the ways of improving their vocations, enterprises, and institutions. According to Leagans J.P: ―Extension education is the process of teaching rural people how ...

 a) Informal Education – This is the lifelong process by which every person acquires knowledge, skills, attitudes, and insights from daily experiences and exposure to the environment at home, at work, at play, etc. b) Non-formal Education – This is an organized, systematic educational activity carried on outside the framework of the formal system to provide selected types of learning to particular subgroups in the population, including adults and children. E.g.: adult education, vocational education, functional literacy, continuing education, extension education, etc. c) Formal Education – Is highly institutionalized, chronologically graded, and hierarchically structured, education starting from primary school and reaching up to university education.

 Meaning of Extension Education: The word Extension is derived from the Latin roots ‗Ex‘ meaning ‗out‘ and ‗tensio‘meaning ‗stretching‘. Thus the term extension education means the type of education, which is stretched out into the villages and fields beyond the limits of schools and colleges to which formal type of education is normally confined. In other words, the word ‗extension‘ used in this context signifies an OUT OF SCHOOL system of education. The three links in the chain of rural development are research, teaching, and extension. What is Education? In general, education is part of life long process, it means learning something new in everyday life. Education is the development of an individual's physical and mental abilities by expanding different horizons of individuals. Education is the process of bringing desirable changes in human behavior in terms of knowledge, skill, and attitude. Education is a process in which human behavior is modified or changed towards a desirab...