Extension System in India.

 In India there are 4 major organizational streams are working for rural development :

1. ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) institutes and Agriculture Universities.

2. Extension System of Ministry of Agriculture and State Departments of Agriculture.

3. Extension System of Ministry of Rural Development and the State Development Departments.

4. Voluntary organizations, business houses, etc.

FIRST-LINE EXTENSION SYSTEM

Realizing the scope and importance of integrated working of the interrelationship between research, education and extension functions, the ICAR established a section of Extension Education at its headquarters in 1971 which was later on strengthened and renamed as Division of Agricultural Extension.

The programs were as follows:

1. National Demonstration (1964),)

2. Operational Research Project (1974-75),

3. Krishi Vigyan Kendra (1974),

4. Lab to Land Programme (1979),

5. Technology Assessment and Refinement (TAR),(1995)

6. Institutional Village Linkage Programme (IVLP),(1995)

7. National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP), (1998)

8. Agricultural Technology Management Agency(ATMA),(2005)

9. National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP), (2006)

National Demonstration (1964)

Launched in 1964.

Based on the concept of increasing the productivity per unit area and time by using proven agricultural technology.

Main Objectives of the Programme:

ü To show the genetic production potentiality of new technology of major crops.

ü To encourage the farmers to adopt and popularize the technologies.

Other Objectives

1. The main role is to demonstrate.

2. Production potentiality of a unit area.

3. The use of implement for different operations.

4. Use of soil testing labs for use of balanced fertilizer doses.

5. Demonstration in improved cultivation.

6. Provide first-hand knowledge

7. Minimize the time lag between the research generated and its application

Operational Research Project (1974-75):

Initiated to identify technological as well as socio-economic constraints and to formulate and

implement a combination of technology modules on an area/watershed/target group basis. The

performance of the new technology is to be tested on farmers‘ fields at the operational level.

Role:-

Test, adapt, and demonstrate the new agricultural technologies in farmer‘s fields in a cluster of three to four villages or in a watershed area.

Calculate the profitability of the new technology meant for increasing production and economic returns substantially.

Identify socio-economic constraints affecting the transfer of new technologies.

Assess the creditworthiness of the new agricultural practices.

Krishi Vigyan Kendra (1974):

Established in 1974 at Pondicherry under the Tamilnadu Agricultural university with an objective of imparting through work experience.

Aimed at imparting training to extension workers, practicing farmers, and fishermen who wish to be self-employed. Priority is given to fewer resources available area.

Objectives:-

1. To improve productivity in agriculture and allied enterprises.

2. To empower and utilize the energy of rural youth and farm women.

3. To generate employment in the farm and non-farm sectors.

4. Improve the socio-economic condition of the rural community.

Role of KVK:-

Impart skill of farmers and rural youths through vocational training Conduct Frontline Demonstration Carry out On-farm Testing to fine-tune the technologies based on farming situations and develop location-specific technology

Disseminate technologies in the districts by providing training to the extension workers of the various line departments

Production of quality seed, seedling, and different bio-agents, inputs, and services to enhance technology adoption.

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